High blood pressure has been shown to be the result of arterial sclerosis and the cause of serious heart disease.People with elevated indicators are diagnosed with arterial hypertension.Due to the narrowing of the vessels that have lost elasticity, there is an increase in pressure in others.This slows blood circulation and increases the load on the heart.
The norm and pathology of blood pressure
Optimal blood pressure is the value of the tonometer of 120/80 mm.RT.Art.Pressure is considered to be increased when the arterial indicators steadily exceed the norm comfortable for people by 10%.
Temporary fluctuation in blood pressure, differences during the day is a common occurrence.
| Hypertension | Systolic indicator (garden), mm.RT.Art. | Diastolic indicator (dad), mm.RT.Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Optimal blood pressure | 120 | 80 |
| Norm | From 120 to 130 | From 80 to 85 |
| Prevention | From 130 to 140 | From 85 to 90 |
| GB 1 stage (soft hypertension) | From 140 to 160 | 90 to 100 |
| GB 2 stages (moderate) | From 160 to 180 | From 100 to 110 |
| GB 3 stages | More than 180 | More than 110 |
| ISAG (isolated systolic arterial hypertension | More than 140 | Less than 90 |
Why is a person dangerous in a person?
Initial symptoms of high pressure: weakness, mild dizziness, poor sleep, flies before the eyes are taken by a person for signs of fatigue, which determines the progression of hypertension without any medical help.
If you leave the situation unattended, the serious effects of high pressure cannot be avoided, one can wait:
- heart attack;
- stroke;
- acute heart failure;
- Pulmonary thromboembolism;
- stratification or aorta gap.
In the last stages of these diseases, a fatal result is possible.Particularly severe form of the disease is malignant hypertension.It is diagnosed in one of two hundred patients, more often, men.The disease does not stop with any medication, the drugs even worsen the patient's condition.A person "burns" for six months due to complications.
Risk factors of hypertension
High blood pressure is closely related to the risk factors that can be individual or external (acquired).
| Individual risk factors | External provocative factors |
|---|---|
| Genetic predisposition: If both parents suffer from hypertension, the disease develops in children in more than 50% of cases (the risk of hypertension in children whose parents had normal blood pressure - not more than 20%) | Alimentary: diet of atherogenic profile with a large number of saturated fatty acids (sausages, smoked meats, cakes, chocolate, snacks), daily use of large amounts of salt (more than 5 g) |
| Age: Increased pressure develops at 15% - aged 50 to 60 years, for 30% - from 60 to 70, 40% for 70 years | Smoking-it is shown that it is from nicotine that blood pressure rises: stroke and heart attack in smokers appear 2-3 times more often than that of non-smokers |
| Paul: The spread of arterial hypertension under the age of 40 in men is much more than in women, later these differences are smoothed | Excessive consumption of coffee every day is detrimental to the tone of blood vessels, causing their spasm and automatic increase in pressure |
| Obesity: Dependency between body weight and blood pressure level is a straight line.Plus 10 kg increases the systolic indicator by 2-3 units and a diastolic of 1-3. In fat people, hypertension occurs 2-6 times more often (in 78% of men and 64% of women, arterial hypertension is due to excess body weight), weight loss leads to a reduction in pressure |
Flexible causes of high pressure are stress, fatigue, multiple negative emotions, psycho -emotional overloads, mental fatigue |
| Personal characteristics: easily excitable nervous system, ambition, suspicion, resentment achieved, unbreakable desire for competition are the reasons why the pressure of too emotional people increases | Sedentary lifestyle: In hypodynamic people |
| Competition: Afro -Americans, mainly women, fall in the risk group | Alcoholism - destroys the liver, disrupts metabolic processes, adversely affects the tone of blood vessels (toxins) |
People who are prone to hypertension should remind you of which the pressure still increases, is: incorrect working day, night shifts, professional harm, frequent climate change, time zones.
The main causes of increased blood pressure
Along with the provocative moments or the background that the hypertension occurs, the specific causes of high pressure provoke specific causes that may be physiological or pathological.
| Physiological | Pathological |
|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Cloud injury |
| Medicines: NSAIDs, diuretics, drugs, hormonal contraceptives | Interruption of the function of the kidneys, heart, brain, liver |
| Hormonal fluctuations in the background: puberty, menopause, menstruation | Somatic diseases, outbreaks of chronic infection |
| Anatomical features of the structure of the human body | Vsd |
| Insomnia of all genesis | Dyslipidemia and increase in uric acid level content |
| Elevators | Diabetes |
| Mete -sensitivity | Tumors |
| Long time no migraine is treated | Thrombosis or vascular embolism |
| Hot sauna or bathroom | Osteochondrosis |
Symptoms and signs of arterial hypertension
With increased pressure, one begins to experience discomfort, the first signs of which become:
- headache, sensation of squeezing temples with hoop;
- The feeling that the head is "stagnant";
- dizziness;
- tinnitus, flies in front of the eyes;
- unpleasant sensations behind the sternum;
- weakness;
- Disorders of sleep.
These initial symptoms of hypertension.One accepts an increase in blood pressure for fatigue, fatigue.Without treatment, the condition gradually goes into borderline or labile hypertension, which is characterized by pressure fluctuations, such as pendulum.This happens at different ages and can be:
- young people;
- neurotic;
- Menopause;
- alcohol;
- sports;
- Professional.
Its main characteristics are considered to be:
- Episodic increase in blood pressure from 140/90 to 160/95 (in the US and the European Union - from 130/85 to 140/90) and never outside these borders;
- independent normalization of pressure without additional intervention;
- Lack of changes in the target organs: heart, kidneys, brain, blood vessels;
- Reliable excluded symptomatic (secondary) hypertension.
The constant high blood pressure without attention will become the main cause of hypertension.Characterized by the following symptoms:
- Violation of visual acuity;
- interruptions in the work of the heart with acute pain behind the sternum;
- cheeks points, the feeling of heat throughout the body;
- Cold limbs with partial loss of sensitivity, numbness;
- Narrowing;
- fatigue, impartial nervousness;
- tachycardia;
- Pulsation in temples;
- sweating or internal conversion;
- shepherd;
- concern;
- feeling of complete emptiness, powerlessness;
- Premoratives, seizures;
- muscle cramps;
- Tremor of the hands and feet.
Increased pressure in pregnant women has its own special manifestations, this is:
- sharp deterioration in the well;
- Pain in the back of the head;
- veil in front of the eyes;
- tinnitus;
- vomiting;
- high temperature;
- Red face;
- nasal bleeding;
- Weight in the legs.
Each of these signs or symptoms implies tonomia and timely search for a doctor.
What should I do if the pressure has increased?
The rest of the pressure without attention can cause fatal and non -fatal complications: cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular failure, chronic kidney disease.
Consider what should be done at home if hell has risen:
- to help a person find a comfortable relaxation break (preferably half, high pillows);
- Provide complete peace (no sound, no irritating light, no movement);
- Open windows - oxygen flow;
- Prepare a hot foot bath and, when you stabilize the number of blood pressure, lower your legs for 10 minutes, which will provide blood flow from the head, improve the experience well;
- By increasing the pressure you can place mustard on the back of the head or caviar for 5-15 minutes, make a compress of apple cider vinegar to your feet;
- Relax in a chair or in a chair, send your back, inhale deeply with your nose, exhale with your mouth (5 times);
- You can tear down high back pressure: when exhaling, you need to stop your breath for 2 seconds, which in 5 minutes normalizes the emotional background, lowers blood pressure to 30 units, watch the video below;
- The massage of the point of acupuncture under the ear mussel or half a centimeter to the nose of it, as well as the points between the eyebrows, is possible in the nose.
Without a doctor, hoping for yourself, taking some medicines is unacceptable.
Medication
They are prescribed by a doctor for chronic hypertension when a pressure of 160/90 and higher, strictly individual, correlate with the cause of the hypertension and the nature of his course.
| Drugs | The mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| Ace blockers | Inhibit vasoconstrictive enzymes |
| Diuretics | Remove excess fluids, balancing the total volume of circulating blood |
| Calcium antagonists | Balancing the calcium ions that are not related to proteins that are necessary for the normal functioning of myocardium |
| Beta blockers | Reducing heart rate, blood pressure (cannot be used for diabetes and asthma) |
| Alpha blockers | Early reduce the pressure |
| Vasodilators | Expand the vessels, removing spasm |
| Antagonists angiotensin-2 | Block angiotensin of the kidneys, narrowing the vessels |
Possible complications
When the pressure increases, it leads to dangerous body disorders:
- arrhythmias of different genesis;
- tachycardia;
- Hypoxia, ischemia of tissues and organs;
- arteries stenosis, capillaries;
- Impaired aldosterone synthesis with the development of edema, increase in the total volume of circulating blood;
- reduction of renal function;
- development of atherosclerosis;
Merbs in the metabolism system eventually lead to acute conditions incompatible with life (heart attack, stroke, acute heart failure).
Prevention
The doctor will help to draw up an individual high pressure prevention program, the main events are as follows:
- Weight control (each + 1 kg increases blood pressure by several units);
- Balanced diet;
- rejection of bad habits;
- physical activity;
- proper alternation of rest and work;
- good sleep;
- A positive mood every day.
Adults recommended treatment with sanatorium-cutort.